Weekly updated columns: questions - paradoxes - contradictions - conflicts - principles - building schemes
Constant e-mail columns: circuits - questions - paradoxes - lessons
In this page I continuously gather and structure basic circuit building blocks in the area of basic analog, digital and mixed electronics. In order to know all about a particular circuit, copy the circuit name from the list, paste the name in the subject field, add additional questions in the message body and e-mail me. Note that your e-mail will not be automatically answered. I will prepare every e-mail answer especially for you revealing the basic idea behind the circuit, structure and operation in a catchy and exciting manner. You will get unusual and original explanations of the circuit phenomenon that you have never seen before!
In the e-mail, I will expose various materials on this subject including: text explanations of the circuit phenomena using analogies from our everyday experience, building "scenario" of the circuit, list of links to corresponding pages of the site and to other web resources, attachments containing interactive multimedia movies etc. See also the constant e-mail circuit columns questions, paradoxes, lessons and the weekly updated circuit columns questions (flash animated), paradoxes (flash animated), contradictions, conflicts, principles, building schemes.
| Passive Circuit Building Blocks (38) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Passive V-to-I Circuits | Passive I-to-V Circuits | Passive V-to-V Circuits | |
| Voltage-to-Current Converter | Current-to-Voltage Converter | Voltage-to-Voltage Converter (Voltage Divider) |
Parallel Voltage Summer (Subtractor, Comparator) |
| Compound Current Source | Compound Voltage Source | ||
| Voltmeter Built from Ammeter | Ammeter Built from Voltmeter | Voltmeter with Varying Rin | Voltmeter with Constant Rin |
| Resistance-to-Current Converter | Resistance-to-Voltage Converter | R1(R2)-to-Voltage Converter | R1/R2-to-Voltage Converter |
| Ohmmeter Built from Ammeter | Ohmmeter Built from Voltmeter | Unipolar Varying Voltage Source | Bipolar Varying Voltage Source |
| Voltage-into-Resistance Divider | Current-by-Resistance Multiplier | Displacement-to-Voltage Converter | Voltage-by-Ratio Multiplier |
| R/2R Ladder DAC (I-Output) | R/2R Ladder DAC (V-Output) | ||
| Capacitive V-to-I Differentiator | Capacitive I-to-V Integrator | Capacitive V-to-V Differentiator | Capacitive V-to-V Integrator |
| Blocking (Coupling) Capacitor | Bypassing (Shunting) Capacitor | Pulse Shortening Circuit | Capacitive Voltage Divider |
| Inductive V-to-I Integrator | Inductive I-to-V Differentiator | Inductive V-to-V Integrator | Inductive V-to-V Differentiator |
| Decoupling Inductor | Inductor as a Current Source | ||
| Diode Circuit Building Blocks (21) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Diode Switching Circuits | Voltage Stabilizers, Voltage Sources | Functional Blocks |
| Series Reverse Polarity Protector | (Zener) Diode Stabilizer | V-to-I Antilogarithmic Converter |
| Decoupling Diode | Multidiode Stabilizer (Voltage Dropper) | I-to-V Logarithmic Converter |
| Diode Rectifier | DC Potential Shifting Circuit | Diode V-to-V Antilogarithmic Converter |
| Voltage-Multiplier Circuits | Diode Biasing Circuits | Diode V-to-V Logarithmic Converter |
| Voltage Autoswitching Diodes | Diode Voltage Compensation | Diode Temperature Sensor |
| Current Autoswitching Diodes | Series Diode Limiter (Clipping Circuit) |
|
| 3-State Zero LED Indicator | Parallel Diode Limiter (Clipping Circuit) | |
| Parallel Reverse Polarity Protector | Analog Diode Switches |
|
| Transistor Circuit Building Blocks (23) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Amplifiers | Functional Blocks | Voltage Sources (Stabilizers) | Current Sources |
| Emitter Follower | Unity-Gain Phase Splitter | Emitter Follower as a Stabilizer | NPN Transistor as a Current Sink |
| Grounded-Emitter Amplifier | Feedback Voltage Regulator | PNP Transistor as a Current Source | |
| Common-Emitter Amplifier | |||
| Common-Base Amplifier | Emitter Follower as a Current Source | ||
| AC-Coupled Transistor Amplifiers | Differential Amplifier as a Divider | Transistor as a Dynamic Load | |
| AC Amplifier with Bootstrapping | |||
| Differential Amplifier | Transistor as a Comparator | Current Mirror | |
| Push-Pull Stage | |||
| Darlington Transistorm Configuration | |||
| Sziklai Connection | |||
| Cascode Amplifiers | |||
| Amplifiers with Split Supplies | |||
| Transistor Switch | |||
| Active Op-amp Inverting Circuit Building Blocks (36) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Active V-to-I Circuits | Active I-to-V Circuits | Active Op-amp Inverting V-to-V Circuits | |
| Voltage-to-Current Converter | Current-to-Voltage Converter | Voltage-to-Voltage Inverter (Attenuator, Follower, Amplifier) |
Voltage Inverting Summer (Averaging, Amplifying) |
| Compound Current Source | Compound Voltage Source | ||
| Voltmeter Built from Ammeter | Ammeter Built from Voltmeter | Inverting Millivoltmeter | |
| Resistance-to-Current Converter | Resistance-to-Voltage Converter | R1-to-Voltage Converter | R2-to-Voltage Converter |
| Ohmmeter Built from Ammeter | Ohmmeter Built from Voltmeter | R1/R2-to-Voltage Converter | |
| Voltage-into-Resistance Divider | Current-by-Resistance Multiplier | Displacement-to-Voltage Converter | Multiplying-Dividing Circuit |
| R/2R Ladder DAC (I-Output) | R/2R Ladder DAC (V-Output) | ||
| Capacitive V-to-I Differentiator | Capacitive I-to-V Integrator | Capacitive V-to-V Differentiator | Capacitive V-to-V Integrator |
| Inductive V-to-I Integrator | Inductive I-to-V Differentiator | Inductive V-to-V Integrator | Inductive V-to-V Differentiator |
| Series Limiter (an Ideal Diode) | Parallel Limiter (an Ideal Diode) | ||
| Diode V-to-I Antilogarithmator | Diode I-to-V Logarithmator | Diode V-to-V Antilogarithmator | Diode V-to-V Logarithmator |
Last updated December 8, 2004