The previous circuit story: Widlar Op-Amp Current Source for Grounded Load. Click the image to view the story.The new circuit story: Howland Op-Amp Current Source for Grounded Load. Click the image to view the story.Circuit Stories on the Whiteboard...

Understand, Build and Invent Circuits!

* NEW *  Op-amp inverting current-to-voltage converter * NEW *

Welcome to Circuit Stories on the Whiteboard!

As a tradition, I start new web initiative in the beginning of every year. So far, I have implemented my ideas mainly as interactive multimedia movies relying on both my imagination and the power of the Flash interactivity.

In these exciting stories about circuit phenomena, you have already seen a lot of step-controlled animations, hidden explanation buttons, sounds and colors associated to the circuit operation. Innovative interactive tools (potential bars and diagrams, current loops, superimposed I-V curves etc.) were visualizing and sounding the invisible electrical attributes of the circuits in a way that you have never seen before.

Only, I have gradually realized that I spend a lot of time creating all these multimedia stories... I am afraid that I will not manage to implement all the ideas, which inhabit my mind.

That is why, I have decided to begin extracting the ideas from my head and  visualize them on a classic whiteboard. Then I will snap them and place on the web. No Flash, no animations, no software tricks; only handmade pictures made by using colored whiteboard markers.

In this column, I will tell a lot of exciting circuit stories to you: creatively thinking students, teachers, hobbyists, inventors... Here, you will get unusual and original circuit explanations that you have never got before! I have extracted these ideas from many years of thinking; they are my great circuit penetrations, my truth about circuits.

As you can see below, I will show three viewpoints at the circuits on the whiteboard: how to understand circuits (intended mainly to students and hobbyists), how to build circuits (to teachers) and how to invent circuits (to inventors). You are free to choose the favorite presentation. Are you ready? Well, let's begin!

 

Stories about Passive Converters

Transimpedance amplifier. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.Passive voltage-to-current converter

understand - build - invent

Transimpedance amplifier. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.Passive current-to-voltage converter

understand - build - invent

 

Stories about Op-Amp Converters

Op-Amp Ammeter. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Op-amp ammeter made by a galvanometer

understand - build - invent

Op-amp inverting voltage-to-current converter. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Op-amp inverting voltage-to-current converter

understand - build - invent

Op-amp inverting voltage-to-current converter. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Op-amp inverting current-to-voltage converter * NEW *

understand - build - invent

Transimpedance amplifier. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Transimpedance amplifier

understand - build - invent

Op-Amp RC Integrator. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Inverting op-amp RC integrator

understand - build - invent

Op-Amp Ammeter. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

How do we create a virtual ground?

understand - build - invent

 

Stories about Constant Current Sources

Constant Current Source. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

What is the philosophy of a constant current source?

understand - build - invent

Simple Current Source (shortened). Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.Simple current source

(shortened)

understand - build - invent

Simple Current Source (real loaded). Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.Simple current source

(real loaded)

understand - build - invent

Simple BJT Current Source. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

 

Simple BJT current source

understand - build - invent

Transistor Current Source with Shifting Diode. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.Transistor current source with shifting diode

understand - build - invent

Transistor Current Source with Shifting Capacitor. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Transistor current source with shifting capacitor

understand - build - invent

Widlar Op-Amp Current Source for Grounded Load. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Widlar op-amp current source

understand - build - invent

Inverting Op-Amp Current Source. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Inverting op-amp current source

understand - build - invent

Howland Op-Amp Current Source for Grounded Load. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Howland op-amp current source

understand - build - invent

 

Stories about Negative Resistance

Dynamic resistance.  Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

 

How do we make dynamic resistance?  invent

Decreased, zeroed and negative resistance. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories. How do we make decreased, zero and negative differential resistance?  invent

Decreased, zeroed and negative resistance. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories. How do we make decreased, zero and negative resistance?  invent

Negative impedance converter (VNIC). Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories. Negative impedance converter (NIC)

understand - build - invent

Decreased, zeroed and negative resistance. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories. How to Compensate Resistive Losses by Series Connected Negative Resistor   invent

Decreased, zeroed and negative resistance. Click the image to view full-size picture; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories. How to Compensate Losses by Parallel Connected Negative Resistor   invent

 

Stories about Various Op-Amp Circuits

SENSOR BRIDGE with CURRENT BIAS. Click to view the page; then click the links on the right to view the circuit stories.

Current biased bridge

invent